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The names of the vowel letter u and the semivowel letters w and y are pronounced with a beginning consonant sound.
The names of the consonant letters f, h, l, m, n,
r, s, and x are pronounced with a beginning vowel sound. Problems arise occasionally when the following word
begins with a vowel letter but actually starts with a consonant sound, or vice versa.
In algebra, the letter "A" along with other letters at the beginning of the alphabet is used to
represent known quantities. In most languages that use the Latin alphabet, ⟨a⟩
denotes an open unrounded vowel, such as /a/, /ä/, or /ɑ/.

15th-century Italy saw the formation of the two
main variants that are known today. By the
ninth century, the Caroline script, which was very similar to the
present-day form, was the principal form used in book-making, before the advent of the printing press.

There was also a cursive style used for everyday or utilitarian writing,
which was done on more perishable surfaces.